488 Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos Núm. 2 / 2013 measures”, under Chapter VII but with the support of operations from regional and sub-regional organizations or from states or coalitions of states which have been expressly authorized. Operations that receive the support of peacekeeping operations by authorized regional or sub regional organizations • UNOMIL – UNMIL (ECOMOG) in Liberia • UNRC (IFOR NATO) in Croatia • UNTAES (IFOR-SFOR NATO) in Eastern Slovenia • UNMIK (KFOR NATO) in Kosovo Operations that receive support from an authorized state or coalitions of states • UNSOM I (UNITAF) in Somalia • UNAMET (INTERFET) in East Timor • MINUSTAH (Operation Secure Tomorrow) in Haiti • UNAMIR (Operation Turquoise) in Rwanda 3. Coalitions of states or regional organizations that have the express authorization to adopt “necessary measures” outside the context of UN peacekeeping operations o ISAF (NATO)– UNAMA (UN political mission)30 in Afghanistan o Coalition of states led by the United States – UNAMI31 in Irak o Operation Alba, led by the United States in Albania. o AMISOM (AU) in Somalia o Coalition of states led by the United States and France, and later by NATO, in Libya In this schematic presentation we see that recent practice points to a considerable number of UN peacekeeping operations falling under Chapter VII of the Charter from the outset. For example, Operation Artemis and EUFOR in DR Congo, ONUB in Burundi, AMIS II and UNMIS in Sudan, UNAMID in Darfur, MINURCAT and EUFOR Chad/Central African Republic, Operation Licorne, ECOMICI and UNCI in Ivory Coast, ECOMIL and UNMIL in Liberia, AMISOM in Somalia, UNAMSIL in Sierra Leone, INTERFET and UNTAET in East Timor, and MINUSTAH in 30 Managed, exceptionally, by the DPKO and not by the department of Political Affairs. 31 Aid mission for the provisional administration of Irak.
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