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571 Antonio Juan Briones Peñalver The economics of security and defence. Transfer of knowledge and innovation related to the defence industry with the involvement of multidisciplinary teams of experts. Secondly. As regards the principle of rationalisation of defence and the reorganisation of material resources, it is essential to account for the large amount of fixed assets that the armed forces possess and the wide-ranging and demanding maintenance requirements thereof. Optimisation of their use and their proper organisation can lead to reduced costs and, consequently, boosts resources for other activities such as peacekeeping. Against this background, the concepts of security and defence currently warrant complex management remedies in favour of good governance of the assets held by a defence organisation, with efforts made in various areas of its economic management, inter alia, human resources, investment, procurement, outsourcing, regulation of the industrial sector and of movable assets. This leads one to believe that Adam Smith was correct when he stated that military institutions governed economic growth.13 In this regard, the first contemporary economist justifies the need to examine the economics of security and defence in greater depth, alluding to the fact that the institutions created to work towards the aim of the betterment and well-being of nations, require an industry to support them to emerge. Recently, it has become evident that security, economic development and human freedom are inseparably entwined14.The perils of insecurity are directly ascribed to environmental deterioration, underdevelopment, overpopulation and the violation of rights in general. The four areas that are closely connected to military security are politics, economics, social aspects and environmental aspects15. Professor Bueno16 highlights the role of the armed forces in the knowledge society, as they act as a key agent for the development of R&D, the generation of innovation and the transfer of technological assets to the companies with which they have links. As a result, military defence is directly related to the economy in terms of human, economic and social development. It thus merits the attention of researchers and academics, as well as of civil and military strategists. 4. DEFENCE AS AN AGENT OF R&D&I. 13  HACKER, B.C. “Regularity order, and prompt obedience. On military institutions in en-lightenment thought”, Actas del XVII Conferencia Internacional de Ciencias Históricas, Vol. I, 1990, pp. 159-167, Madrid. 14  TOMÉ, L. “Segurança e complexo de segurança: conceitos operacionais”, JANUS.NET, e-Jour-nal of International Relations, Vol. 1 (1), Autumn, 2010, pp. 33-49. 15  BUZAN, B. People, States and Fear: An Agenda for the International Security Studies in the Post- Cold War Era. Boulder, Colorado: Lynner Rienner, 1991, pp. 19-20. 16  BUENO, E., 2011, op.cit.


REVISTA IEEE 2
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