577 Antonio Juan Briones Peñalver The economics of security and defence. Transfer of knowledge and innovation related to the defence industry The issue of financing always constitutes a major economic hindrance, as does the problem that arises from the technical capacity demonstrated by the troops made available by the forces involved in conflicts. In order to tackle both of these concerns, it is advisable to promote international agreements and to establish fora for expression such as “international cooperation development” between the coastal countries of the Mediterranean and neighbouring states, who in this way express the continuing concern of their governments about defence industry firms and EU defence systems27. García-Pérez28 analyses the process of linking security and defence policy on a European stage (ESDP) and identifies particular concern about clarifying several socio-political factors that will shape the results achieved as part of the institutionalisation of European defence policy with a view to integrating the countries of Europe and providing them with collective powers through European Union efforts. The definition of European security encompasses first of all European states, as well as countries outside of Europe including, undeniably, the United States and intergovernmental organisations that require economic security. In this respect, EU Member States endorse the progressive improvement of their military capabilities in the treaties of the European Union. Likewise, in order to carry out their missions, they may establish “Permanent Structured Cooperation” within the EU framework. The important decision to create a European Defence Agency was to contribute significantly to achieving these goals29. Research into the economic reactions and behaviour of organisations is thus relevant, as are the effects of these institutions on corporate structures, which may be bound to the aforementioned structure for cooperation among the defence systems of the EU. The White Paper and government decisions on the military capabilities necessary to guarantee security defence determine, with due regard to international commitments, the main focal points in terms of security and the financial resources that defence policy necessitates. Military capabilities are developed through an operational command structure, which is composed of integrated systems involving the army, navy and air force. These complement one another and, since their joint use is envisaged, they have the means at their disposal required for close coordination of their respective activities. The three forces will carry out the missions that may be assigned to each armed force and shall enable specific missions to be undertaken in times of peace. The preparation of these nomía Española: Su Relación con la Defensa Nacional. Strategy Dossiers. Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies. Second Section: Medios para la Defensa. CESEDEN (Spain). No. 80, 1996, pp. 57-78. 27 CANALES, A. “La seguridad colectiva como factor determinante del cambio estratégico”. En Dependencias y Vulnerabilidades de la Economía Española: Su Relación con la Defensa Nacional. Strategy Dossiers. Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies. Second Section: Medios para la Defensa. CESEDEN (Spain). No. 80, 1996, pp. 15-36. 28 GARCÍA-PÉREZ, R. Política de Seguridad y Defensa de la Unión Europea. Ed. UNED and Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez-Mellado, 1st Edition, Madrid, 2003. 29 GARCIA-PEREZ. R., 2003, op.cit.
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