402 Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos Núm. 2 / 2013 United Nations strategies have focused on working with women for peace and on developing awareness of the gender perspective. In the next section, we will analyse these resolutions. By applying a gender pers-pective, the international community’s framework of actions on women, peace and security can be reconfigured to incorporate provisions for a broader and differentiated treatment to guarantee their protection in armed conflicts. 3. THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS AND GENDER ADVISERS IN MILITARY OPERATIONS 3.1 The gender perspective and its consideration in the resolution of armed conflicts The social role of women in war is normally that of a passive subject, often invisible, and always a victim of the conflict. Most victims of war nowadays are civilians (women and children) rather than military personnel. Woman and girls are often victims of rape, almost always mass rape, because they are used as a weapon between the two parties to the conflict, with the consequence being physical, moral and social damage suffered by these women. This situation, especially as a consequence of the genocide in Rwanda, lead to rape being declared a “war crime”13 by the International Criminal Court. On many occasions during wars, the role of women has been that of peace brokers trying to bring an end to the conflict14. Obviously, the responsibility for the subsistence of children and the war-wounded falls to women. They have to take on the role that their societies normally allocate to men to then, once the conflict is over, return to their traditional roles in society without ever receiving any recognition or attention. Attention is, of course, paid to surviving men – combatants –, but women are ignored when it comes to their care, health, and rights. It can be said that from the time of the birth of the United Nations until around 25 years ago, the international perspective on women, their protection and their place in the world, was not placed on the international agenda. The idea that there was a need to build a new society model where the culture of peace and gender equality 13 TURSHEN, M. y TWAGIRAMARIYA, C. (eds), What Women Do in Wartime, Zed Press, 1998. Passim: United Nations reports, United National Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), New York. GARRIDO CARRILLO, Francisco Javier y FAGGIANI, Valentina: La aportación de España a la institución de una jurisdicción penal internacional, Granada: Ed. Comares, 2013, pp. 108 and 109. DÍAZ CORVERA, Francisco: “La lucha contra la violencia de género: normativa y jurisprudencia internacional”, in ROBLES CARRILLO, Margarita (coord.): Género, conflictos armados y seguridad, Granada: Editorial UGR, 2012, pp. 213 and ss. 14 FERRIS, E.: Women, War and Peace, Life and Peace Research Report 14, Uppsala, 1993.
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