359 Bardera, M. P., García-Silgo, M. y Pastor, A. Stress management in the Armed Forces environment) is a matter of such relevance in the teaching and training of military commanders. On that account, one of the strategies aimed at occupational risk prevention on the one hand and the development of subordinates’ resilience on the other consists of training the officer in those leadership factors that impact positively on morale, performance, efficacy, well-being, satisfaction and the health of soldiers. Leadership training is thus a way in which human resources in the armed forces can indirectly address resilience. Other external organisation resilience factors are (inter alia): Support provided by material and technological means; information and access thereto; technical training; the development of codes of conduct and technical instructions. Finally, community support is associated with having friendships, being integrated within groups and participating in social, spiritual and ceremonial activities etc. Some of the resilience programmes implemented within military populations take these external factors into account (in addition to the internal ones, which we will mention below), going as far as to provide psychological training to families in the units themselves or creating community support networks. This was what underpinned the design of the US Army training programme Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness (CSF2). The internal factors that have shown to have a regulatory effect on health and performance include biological factors, such as, for instance, physical strength (understood as physical training, nutritional habits and a healthy lifestyle) and psychophysiological ones, among which the following stand out1,13,21,22: a positive outlook; positive thinking; positive coping strategies; self-control; realism, acceptance or self-awareness; a hardy personality (comprised of commitment, control and challenge dimensions); self-efficacy; altruism; spirituality (related, or not, to religion); and professional experience. Some internal factors are, in turn, directly related to having beneficial interpersonal relationships and with providing and receiving social support (a social factor), whilst others are linked to the capacity to control and reduce physiological anxiety responses in stressful situations (a biological factor). With regard to training sessions for psychological training programmes, these can be intensive over a short space of time or spread out over the course of several months. In turn, they can be imparted to groups or to individuals, although in military academies or units these sessions tend to be given to groups. The didactic methodology should be interactive, avoiding conferences where only the trainer speaks, and including case studies, personal experience provided by the subjects themselves and identification of the psychosocial stressors that affect each person. It is for this reason that groups cannot comprise a very large number of people. Special attention must be paid to practising cognitive and behavioural strategies for each resilience factor, as well as using resilience skills to deal with psychosocial stressors that may arise between training sessions and subsequently sharing and analysing this experience with the psychologist or group trainer. Depending on the objectives sought with the programme, more or fewer training modules will be implemented, on the understanding that the greater the number of factors addressed and the more biological, psychological and social
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