241 Andreea Marica Measures and regulatory changes within the European Union... Hard Responses Regulatory Framework One of the EU’s objectives is to afford its citizens a high level of security within the area of freedom, security and justice. Therefore, immediately after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the EU established a common legal framework for its Member States with the intention of terrorist offences being considered to be intentional acts committed by people, groups and entities5 with the purpose of: 1) seriously intimidating a popula-tion; 2) unduly compelling a public authority or an international organisation to act or abstain from acting; 3) seriously destabilising or destroying fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social values of a country or international organisation6. However, it should be noted that on the basis of the EU decisions, it is the Member States themselves who are responsible for taking the necessary measures to define ter-rorist acts within their respective national legislation7. 5 “Persons, groups and entities involved in terrorist acts” shall mean: — persons who commit, or attempt to commit, terrorist acts or who participate in, or facilitate, the commission of terrorist acts; —groups and entities owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons; and persons, groups and entities acting on behalf of, or under the direction of, such persons, groups and entities, including funds derived or generated from property owned or controlled directly or indirectly by such persons and associated persons, groups and entities. Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, (2001/931/PESC). Art.1. 2. 6 Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism. “Terrorist act” shall mean one of the following intentional acts, which, given its nature or its context, may seriously damage a country or an international organisation, as defined as an offence under national law, where committed with the aim of: (i) seriously intimidating a population, or (ii) unduly compelling a Government or an international organisation to perform or abstain from performing any act, or (iii) seriously destabilising or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or an international organisation: (a) attacks upon a person’s life which may cause death; (b) attacks upon the physical integrity of a person; (c) kidnapping or hostage taking; (d) causing extensive destruction to a Government or public facility, a transport system, an infrastructure facility, including an information system, a fixed platform located on the continental shelf, a public place or private property, likely to endanger human life or result in major economic loss; (e) seizure of aircraft, ships or other means of public or goods transport; (f ) manufacture, possession, acquisition, transport, supply or use of weapons, explosives or of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, as well as research into, and development of, biological and chemical weapons; (g) release of dangerous substances, or causing fires, explosions or floods the effect of which is to endanger human life; (h) interfering with or disrupting the supply of water, power or any other fundamental natural resource, the effect of which is to endanger human life; (i) threatening to commit any of the acts listed under (a) to (h); (j) directing a terrorist group; (k) participating in the activities of a terrorist group, including by supplying information or material resources, or by funding its activities in any way, with knowledge of the fact that such participation will contribute to the criminal activities of the group. Council Common Position of 27 December 2001 on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, (2001/931/PESC). Art.1. 3. 7 Art. 1, Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism. OJEU, L 164, 22.6.2002. http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee
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