Alberto Gallego Gordon The structural causes of instability and conflict... 351 the implementation of this RAP, for instance in the case of funds derived from other regional initiatives such as the Regional Indicative Programme for West Africa62, the Pan-African Programme63 and the Development Cooperation Instrument64, as well as the rules and procedures for the implementation of EU instruments in its external action65. Practically all EU countries (except Slovenia and Malta) contribute direct aid, either financial or in the form of personnel, with the financial contributions of France, Ger-many, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK topping the ranks. In view of the limited scope of this analysis, the following sections will focus on initiatives with Spanish participation during those years, extracted from Addendum III of the document containing the conclusions of the Council relating to the PAR 2015-202066. • Mali. 2.56 million euro budget for support programmes in the areas of health, agriculture and food, training of security forces in crime prevention and bor-der management. Spain provides personnel for EUCAP Sahel Mali and EUTM Mali, a support transport aircraft for operation Barkhane and, since 2013, the EU special envoy for the Sahel. • Mauritania. 2.86 million euros, in development programmes for fishing and agriculture, support to the National Commission on Human Rights, health im-provements on a local family level and training for its security forces in crime prevention and border management. 62 “La acción exterior de la UE 2014-2020. guía práctica de su financiación”. On http://www. exteriores.gob.es/Portal/es/SalaDePrensa/Multimedia/Documents/GUIA%20PRACTICA%20 FINANCIACION.pdf. Date of reference 27/03/18. 63 “Programa Panafricano de la UE”. On http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-908_es.htm. Date of reference 27/03/18. 64 “Reglamento (UE) No 233/2014 del Parlamento y del Consejo, de 11 de marzo de 2014, por el que se establece un Instrumento de Financiación de la Cooperación al Desarrollo para el período 2014-2020”. On http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0233&fr om=ES. Date of reference 27/03/18. 65 “Reglamento (UE) No 236/ del Parlamento y del Consejo, de 11 de marzo de 2014, por el que se establecen normas y procedimientos de ejecución comunes de los instrumentos de la Unión para la financiación de la acción exterior”. On http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=C ELEX:32014R0236&from=ES. Date of reference 27/03/18. 66 “Reglamento (UE) 2015/323 del Consejo, de 2 de marzo de 2015, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento Financiero aplicable al 11º Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo”. On http://www.dgfc.sepg. minhafp.gob.es/sitios/dgfc/es-ES/rpue/pue/Normativa/Reglamento_UE_2015-323.pdf. Date of reference 27/03/18. “Conclusiones del Consejo de la UE sobre el Plan de Acción Regional para el Sahel 2015-2020”. On http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21522/st07823-en15.pdf. Date of reference 28/03/18. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos n.º 12 - Año: 2018 - Págs.: 325 a 366
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