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REVISTA HISTORIA MILITAR 117

202 JOSÉ MANUEL GUERRERO ACOSTA ABSTRACT The assistance provided by the Spanish Crown to the Congress of Philadelphia was decisive for the operations developed by the Continental Army. It was sent by indirect and secret means from Europe between 1777 and 1782, and in a more straight way from New Orleans and Cuba. The De Grasse French fleet that took part in the final battle of Yorktown received 1, 5 million Pesos. More than 11,000 men were sent from Spain to attack the southern flank of the British deployment, actually more than the total num-ber of troops sent by France. It opened a second front and disrupted the Bri-tish strategy. The siege of Pensacola should be considered one of the most important actions of the war against Britain in North America, compared to the main actions of the War of Independence, by the number of troops invol-ved, siege days, and the number of casualties and prisoners taken. Bernardo de Gálvez was the key person in these facts. They have been often diminis-hed or deliberately omitted in British and French historiography. KEYWORDS: Bernardo de Gálvez, Pensacola, American Revolution, American war of Independence, Spanish Army in America, Spanish Florida, Congress of Philadelphia, Continental Army, New Orleans, Manchac, Mo-bile, general Campbell, Regiment of Waldeck, Regiment del Rey, Regiment Fijo de Luisiana * * * * * Este año de 2014 está previsto colgar en la sede del Congreso de los EE.UU. en Washington D.C. el retrato del general Bernardo de Gál-vez, gracias a la iniciativa de instituciones y particulares de ambos lados del Atlántico. Gálvez es uno de los personajes más destacados de la historia militar española. Este artículo trata de ahondar en las razones de su importancia histórica. Cuando estalló la Revolución Norteamericana en 1775 España y Gran Bretaña eran las únicas potencias mundiales con presencia efectiva en el norte de América. Ambos países eran enemigos tradicionales y al igual que la otra potencia continental, Francia, defendían sus posiciones y ganaban influencia mediante el uso de las alianzas y la diplomacia. El Rey Carlos III de España y sus consejeros aprovecharon las leccio-nes de la última guerra contra Inglaterra de 1761. A pesar de no estar bien Revista de Historia Militar, 117 (2015), pp. 202-230. ISSN: 0482-5748


REVISTA HISTORIA MILITAR 117
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