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239 Miguel Ángel Franco García From national defence directive to national maritime security strategy: trend towards the integration of civil and military capabilities in the maritime field Organic Law 6/1980, of 1 July, regulating the Baselines of National Defence and Military Organisation, was introduced to implement the constitutional mandate en-shrined in Article 8.2. Article 2 reflects the traditional concept of National Defence when it defines it as the provision, integration and coordinated action of all the energies and moral and material forces of the Nation against any form of aggression. Article 3, meanwhile, describes National Security as the effect produced by the implementation of National Defence actions. If we bear in mind that the dynamic view of defence is to foster strategy aimed at creating security, it can be concluded that the contextua-lisation of the definition of National Defence leads us to National Security and the best way of achieving this, which is by developing and implementing national security strategy29. The classical notion of National Security, whereby it is seen as an absolute concept, an exaggerated view in our opinion30, has been defined as a situation in the life of every nation when the latter is protected against aggressions and threats to its sovereignty, its territorial integrity and that of its people; where it is protected against attacks on the normal exercise of its authority and the appropriate functioning of its institutions; a situation where both public and private activity can be carried out unhindered in order to attain the highest levels of peace, freedom and prosperity in all areas31. National Security is neither a static nor one-directional concept. When defining it, we must consider the growing interdependence of military, economic, social, political and environmental issues32. The basic guarantor of security has and always will be the Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones del EME, 1984, p. 32. 29  FOJÓN LAGOA, Enrique: “Una revisión de los criterios básicos de la defensa nacional”, in Revisión de la Defensa nacional, Madrid, Secretaría General Técnica del Ministerio de Defensa, 2002, pp. 96 and 97. 30  QUERO RODILES, Felipe: Introducción a la teoría de la Seguridad nacional, Colección Ediciones Ejército, Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones del EME, 1989, pp. 36 and 37. WOLFERS, Arnold: “Discord and collaboration: essays on international politics”, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1965, p. 158. BUZAN, Barry: “People, states & fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era”, Revista Académica de Relaciones Internacionales, UAM-GERI, no. 9, 2008, pp. 1-12. 31  MUNILLA GÓMEZ, Eduardo: Introducción a la estrategia…op. cit., p. 31. FERNÁNDEZ ESPESO, Carlos: Consideraciones acerca de la seguridad nacional, Información Comercial Española, no. 592, 1982, pp. 109-114. 32  GARRIDO REBOLLEDO, Vicente: Modelo español de Seguridad y Defensa, Documentos de seguridad y defensa, no. 8, CESEDEN, Madrid, Secretaría General Técnica del Ministerio de Defensa, 2007, p. 7. NIETO RODRÍGUEZ, Manuel: “El nuevo concepto de seguridad: amenazas y riesgos emergentes”, in Política de Seguridad de la Unión Europea: realidades y retos para el siglo XXI, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2002, p. 36. GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ, José y RESA NESTARES, Carlos: “Un nuevo concepto de seguridad para el entorno europeo”, in Política de Seguridad de la Unión Europea: realidades y retos para el siglo XXI, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2002, pp. 47 and 48. ÁLVAREZ VERDUGO, Milagros: La política de seguridad y defensa en la Unión Europea, Madrid, Dykinson,


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