364 Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos Núm. 2 / 2013 To win their support, we must protect the Afghan people from both threats. Many, rightly, described the conflict in Afghanistan as a war of ideas. However, that is informative context “based on facts”, where perceptions stem from the actions, depending on how we interact with people and how rapidly things improve. The key of the change lies in changing the perceptions of underlying truths.21 Such a change in the culture of how to confront operations initiated by Petraeus in Iraq, were also inspired by the tactics adopted by France in Algeria. This requires an approach to introduce elements more in line with strategic communication than with military strategy organizations. Moreover, it can be said that McChrystal opened the door in this report to a change that had started to alter the Operations Doctrine: Integral or Comprehensive Approach . This approach is the result of an international debate resulting from different experiences in operations and maintaining peace in several Western countries. The global approach is the generation and application of security services, governance and development, know-how, structures and resources over time and place in collaboration with recipient nations, allied governments and institutions, whether they be governmental or not.22 As seen from Mary Kaldor, conflicts that arose after the end of the Cold War nourished a new way of being viewed. Since then has been a need to incorporate a new approach, much richer and dynamic, which is able to adapt itself to new circumstances, to those of traditional military operations. The experience gained in the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq and Sudan have proven that the isolated application of any national and international power element whether it be military, development aid or economic sanctions, to name a few examples, just ends up in failure. Juxtaposing different instruments has not fared much better either on different scenarios without adequate preliminary coordination beforehand. Some countries such as Canada and Norway have tried to combine what is called the “three D” (Diplomacy, Development and Defense) to provide a coherent national action in crisis resolution. Nevertheless the complexity of many scenarios has overwhelmed these three dimensions.23 Canada created START (Stabilization and Reconstruction Task Force), an organization that integrated various ministries to deal strategically with crisis prevention. They respond to material and humanitarian disasters, and its reconstruction. Since 21 NATO ISAF COMMANDER, Comisaf ’s Initial Assessment. 30th of August 2009, pp. 1.1 y 1.2. 22 LINDLEY-FRENCH, J. Operationalizing the Comprehensive Approach. Atlantic Council, Issue Brief, 2010, p. 1. 23 PAREJA RODRÍGUEZ, I. y COLOM PIELLA, G. El Enfoque Integral (Comprehensive Ap-proach) a la gestión de crisis internacionales. Real Instituto Elcano, ARI 115/2008, p. 2.
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