559 Review The introduction of gunpowder from the Western World along with the use of long pikes (firstly swiss units, then the Spanish thirds) will definitely cause a Military Revolution that will now cause infantry prevail over cavalry. Due to the introduction of both the iron technology as well as the gunpowder new guns would flourish; firstly the canyons later the individual gunfire. The walls will then prioritise depth versus height. All this will provoke the need of a more “scientific” art of war therefore all calculations need to be accurate and a new mathematic advancement and new developments in physics will be of need to calculate a projectile path. Armies will gradually be more numerous which will imply greater logistic advancements and the existence of pathways and roads, new recruitment systems, and schools that will breed qualified professionals with scientific knowledge. A more deadly armament and a greater number of soldiers will indeed bring about more victims. The Enlightenment period will unveil consciences and this will bring up the need to regulate in a “civilized” way the war practise. This new scenario will imply a Medicine and medicaments development. Then the Napoleonic wars will be this period culmination with the birth of the idea and the reality of a “total war” therefore war consequences will equally affect military and civil society. The territorial discoveries and the greater need for a maritime trade will have an influence on the new ships and new technologies therefore the naval war will gradually become more important in order to achieve the empire advancement and upholding. All those elements contributed to the Industrial Revolution outburst .The steam when applied to transportation will result in the appearance of the railway which will have paramount consequences in terms of the mobility of both logistics and people. All communications will start a revolution that will have a growing impact on the control and command capacities. The introduction of the bayonet will modify the fire rhythm and the body combat. A big Army will need to bring on big productions (armament, clothing, transportation, medicines) triggering a greater demand in terms of productions systems and industrial organization. The financing, industrial and military world starts creating new relations. The American civil war will be the first experience that will gather both the total war and the Industrial Revolution. Both World Wars in the twenty century will be a reflection of the power of technology but also reverberates its terrible consequences specially under a totalitarian regime. All Advancements of Science applied to technology will trigger social, political, strategic, and operative changes in both art and war but it also indicates the birth of an international humanitarian right that will also establish great changes in the field of health (penicillin, sulfamide, transfusions, etc.). The nuclear technology presence that brings the possibility of humankind annihilation will lead to a new scenario; the Cold War. The development of nuclear weapons, the information technologic revolution , the race to the space, a progressive
REVISTA IEEE 4
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