Definition of marine areas based on the UNCLOS. Figure 5. Source: CONDE, Elena, “El Derecho Internacional ante un proceso de cambio climático en el Ártico. Especial referencia al Derecho del Mar”, Documentos de Seguridad y Defensa 58, Escuela de Altos Estudios de la Defensa, Ministerio de Defensa, p.182. http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee 300 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 10 / 2017 In conclusion, the UNCLOS is the main reference111 for the Arctic States because it ensures that the A-5 can make territorial claims and settle disputes peacefully. The Convention sets out the conduct, rights and duties of all States, thus creating a stable framework for balancing the national interests of the A-5 and common interests in the Arctic Ocean112. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) We will take a very brief look at how the CLCS works in order to understand the rationale behind the Tragedy of the Commons theory that the A-5 are pursuing. The CLCS consists of 21 members who are experts in the field of geophysics and oceanography and are elected for a term of five years from among candidates that cannot be from a landlocked country.113 They meet twice a year in New York for working sessions that last between five and six weeks. All UNCLOS member states are obliged to contribute funding to the Commission. Claims submitted by States must meet the 111 HAFTENDORN, op. cit, p.14. 112 BERKMAN, op. cit, p.128. 113 RIDDELL-DIXON, Elisabeth, “Canada and Arctic Politics: The Continental Shelf Extension”, Ocean Development & International Law, 39:343-359, 2008, p.346.
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