410 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 10 / 2017 - Satellite-based Vessel Monitoring System55. This system, created in 2003, provides information regarding the position of ships at regular intervals. The ships have electronic devices or “blue boxes” on board. These transmit the data to a station on the ground, which in turn sends it to the Fisheries Monitoring Center (FMS). This system is administered by the member States and managed by the Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Commission, which gives support to the common fisheries policy. - The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (EBCG), (FRONTEX56 - from French: Frontières extérieures for “external borders”): In 2004, the Council created this agency in order to improve the integrated management of external borders57 of the European Union, including maritime borders. This agency focuses on ensuring the coordination of the actions needed for the management of borders, thus contributing to achieving the control of people, and an efficient, intense and uniform surveillance of external borders. - Maritime Surveillance Network (MARSUR network)58: This initiative was launched in 2006 by the European Defense Agency, attached to the European Council, with the aim of creating a network using the maritime and naval information exchange systems which already existed in different member States. In October of 2012, 17 member States and Norway set up the MARSUR community, and 13 of them signed an agreement to improve the functions and the level of confidentiality in the network in support of the operations within the framework of European Security and Defense Policy. This technological development was in full accordance with the future European maritime network that would be connected through the common information-sharing environment (ClSE). 55 The satellite-based Vessel Monitoring System was created in 2003 through the following regulation: “Commission Regulation (EC) No 2244/2003 of 18 December 2003 laying down detailed provisions regarding satellite-based Vessel Monitoring Systems, L333, 12.20.2003” 56 The agency FRONTEX was created based on the following regula.tion: “Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union”. This regulation considers the possibility of creating specialized groups to manage maritime borders. 57 “External borders” of the member States are understood as the ground and maritime borders of the States, as well as the airports and sea ports to which the stipulations of EU Law regarding the crossing of people through external borders are applied. 58 The Maritime Surveillance network – MARSUR network) was developed by the European Defense Agency in 2006, from a decision taken by the Ministers of Defense of the EU at the end of 2005 based on the need to have effective knowledge available of maritime spaces with respect to security, protection, and the marine environment. The aim of this network is to avoid duplication of effort and to use the technology available so as to manage data and information in order to improve cooperation between the civil and military competences, and to give support to maritime security in both its aspects, “safety” and “security”, in a simple, effective, and low-cost way. http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee
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