418 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 10 / 2017 Furthermore, during that same year, the National Defense Directive of December 30, 2004 established the need to carry out a transformation process of the Armed Forces so that they could efficiently undertake the missions that the Government assigned to them; cooperate with other State institutions, in particular with the Security Forces and Corps; and contribute to maintaining the safety and well being of citizens The transformation process of the Armed Forces begins with National Defense Law 5/2005, of November 17. This law already makes reference, within the missions of the Armed Forces, to the operations of surveillance of maritime areas and collaboration with the rest of the State organisms. In the National Defense Directive of 2008, among the guidelines established are the following: to increase the participation of the Armed Forces in giving support to other State institutions in the fight against new risks and threats; and to continue with the transformation of the Armed Forces to adapt them to the challenges from the strategic situation, through defining and securing the necessary military capabilities. Subsequently, the National Defense Directive of 2012 has maintained these guidelines down to the present. In 2010, during the Spanish Presidency of the European Union Council, Spain promoted the need to approach maritime matters from a global perspective, including the two aspects of maritime activity, “safety” and “security”, which affect all the institutions of each State and of the European Union, and it supported the maritime surveillance projects under way. In 2013, The National Maritime Security Strategy was born. This strategy states that maritime security is an essential element of Spain’s National Security, which must be approached from an integral point of view and that needs the concerted action of all resources from the State and the private sector. It also specifies that it will thus be necessary to increase cooperation and improve coordination among all organisms and agencies with competences in the action of the State at sea, which must materialize in the signing of new interdepartmental agreements, and the revision of the existing ones to improve both the protocols of exchange of maritime information and, therefore, the shared knowledge of the maritime environment. The Naval Operations Concept 2015, by the Admiral Chief of Staff of the Navy, based on the National Maritime Security Strategy, establishes the assignment of maritime surveillance and security duties as one of the basic elements for maritime security operations consisting basically of the “integral maritime surveillance” and the “maritime interdiction operations”. It also considers necessary the possession of adequate “Knowledge of the Maritime Environment” (CEM – in its Spanish acronym – Conocimiento del Entorno Marítimo) so that Maritime Security is effective. For this, information sharing must take place among all the existing information systems and services in the maritime field, whether they are civilian, military, national or international. In way analogous to what happens in the different States of the European Union, the exchange of information is made difficult due to the lack of political will among the different departments to carry out an efficient exchange of information. http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee
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