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REVISTA IEEE 11

236 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 11 / 2018 Image 8: (a-b) integration of the 3D building models obtained in a virtual environment APLICABILITY OF 3D DIGITAL MODELS IN SECURITY AND DEFENCE 3D modelling can be applied in security and defence policies at different scales. When these models are integrated in virtual environments, these provide a more dynamic and realistic level of visualisation in areas of great heritage and cultural value, such as the historic centres of cities or in their most representative buildings. With these models it is possible to provide to plan a priori military strategies and techniques that can be put into practice not only where manpower is required, but also in the case of robotic or autonomous teams55, whose set-up and mission in the field demands certain route planning. In addition, the generation of high-definition photorealistic 3D models permits the evaluation of the structures and materials used in the different buildings, which is of prime importance in the implementation of military tactics such as mouse-holing, which consists in the creation of tunnels and spaces to further military progress. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the risk levels in the battlefield with 3D models obtained through the use of new technologies, as explicitly recommended by some of the specialised units of the US Marine Corps and the MCCDC56. In the same way, resulting 3D models are potentially useful for training of troops in order to improve their military effectiveness in this type of environments. In fact, the armies and military units of several countries have developed training zones that simulate urban areas, such as the British Stanford Training Area or the French CENZUB facilities. The US company Archetype 3D57 develops real-scale models of urban areas 55  BANKS, Grant. «Squad Mission Support System set for Afghanistan», New Atlas, 14 December, 2010, http://newatlas.com/squad-mission-support-system-set-for-afghanistan/17246 (Date accessed: 15 March, 2017). 56  Concepts Division, MCCDC. «A Concept for Future Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain». Department of the Navy Marine Corps Combat Development Command: Quantico, Virginia (USA), 1997. 19 pp. 57  ARCHETYPE3D, 2017. Archetype 3Dcompany website (section on military models for urban assault training): http://engineering-scale-models.com/military-model-for-urban-assault-training (Date accessed: 15 March, 2017). http://revista.ieee.es

REVISTA IEEE 11
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