278 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 12 / 2018 radioactive materials or devices made from radioactive material in terrorist acts, in-cluding conventional attacks on nuclear facilities’12. Cristian Martín Corrales defines nuclear terrorism as ‘the use of nuclear or radiological weapons or an attack on nuclear facilities to instil terror in the population’13. Therefore, based on these definitions, there is obvious concern that terrorist organi-sations or individual players will use nuclear or radiological weapons to achieve their political goals and spread terror in society. And even more so when the international arena is faced, as Garrido has pointed out, with ‘terrorist groups that have announced their intention to acquire, steal or obtain nuclear materials by any means for the purpose of manufacturing nuclear devices’14. Therefore, if we accept the premise that the aim of individual terrorism has always been to launch surprise attacks without being detected by the State beforehand, using, as mentioned previously, innovative methods, we can conclude that a nuclear or radiological attack by a lone wolf would meet this definition. Nuclear terrorism in the writings of individual players Up until now, the greatest theoretical advocate for nuclear terrorism in individual terrorist tactics has precisely been a lone wolf: Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the double attack on 22 July 2011 in Norway which claimed 77 lives. In his 1518-page manifesto and terrorist manual 2083: A European Declaration of Independence (2011; under the pseudonym Andrew Berwick), he wrote about how ‘European Resistance Movements’ could acquire or manufacture in the future nuclear arms15, attack nuclear facilities16 or create and detonate a radiological dispersal device17. The Norwegian lone wolf believed that a terrorist attack of these characteristics would create favourable conditions for the Europeans to support far-right armed movements, given that: ‘The Chernobyl disaster broke the back of the Soviet Union. A new Chernobyl di-saster in the heart of Western Europe will break the back of the EUSSR, have no dou-bt. Causing a new Chernobyl disaster on a multiculturalist regime would completely cripple them and might eventually lead to the collapse of the EU altogether (...) The resettlement of millions, mass building of new housing units, financial compensation for up to several millions will bankrupt any multiculturalist European country and will force them to halt all Muslim immigration. Furthermore, it will cause the regime 12 BOHIGAS, Xavier. Una Ojeada al terrorismo nuclear, revista Mientras Tanto, n.º 120, Barcelona, 2013, p. 35 13 MARTÍN CORRALES, Cristian. Terrorismo Nuclear, CESEDEN, no. 16, Madrid, 2007, 16. 14 See Garrido, op. cit., p.5. 15 BREIVIK, Anders. 2083: A European Declaration of Independence. Norway: self-published, 2011, pp. 955-959. 16 Ibid., pp. 1025-1057. 17 Ibid., pp. 1058-1064. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos n.º 12 - Año: 2018 - Págs.: 273 a 298
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