Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 12 / 2018 Graph 9. Annual population variation. Author’s own work based on data corresponding to 2017 obtained from the UN website. Available on http://data.un.org/en/index.html. Date of reference 30/03/18. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos n.º 12 - Año: 2018 - Págs.: 325 a 366 334 deaths outnumber births8. However, as of 2017 immigration has been on the rise again in Spain. Population growth over the last years and the bad economic situation are giving rise to a historic increase of urban development in the region. According to data supplied by Casa África, town-dwelling populations have doubled between 1995 and 2015, with the Sahel reaching 472 million inhabitants9. Due to lack of resources and poorly orga-nised and ineffective administrations, the regions have not been able to cope with this flood of people by providing adequate infrastructures, resulting in areas of poverty and unhealthy conditions where the population is packed inside genuine ghettos, grouped according to ethnic origin, religion, family-ties or acquaintances from their places of origin under absolutely insalubrious conditions (known as “Bidonvilles”)10. The following charts show the enormous disparities of income in these countries. Nigeria stands apart because of its significant revenues from fossil oil as well as its population size compared to the other countries. Even so, there is a visible difference compared to Spain. 8 According to provisional data provided by the National Statistics Institute (INE) for the first half of 2017 there were 219,835 deaths against 187,703 births. On http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/ operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177007&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735573002 9 Casa África. On http://www.casafrica.es/po/detalle_notas_prensa1.jsp%3FDS13.step=3&DS13. PROID=889968.html. Date of reference 16/01/18. 10 Literally “shanty towns”. On http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais-espagnol/ bidonville/9063. Date of reference 16/03/18.
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