453 José A Fernández Alfaro Successes and failures of the implementation of ... MARITIME INSECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA: LESSONS SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SECURITY SECTOR REFORM (SSR) IN THE AFGHAN NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES (ANSF) 1. INTRODUCTION1 2014 marks a turning point in the history of Afghanistan. Firstly, the third presidential elections were held to elect a replacement for President Hamid Karzai, in power since the 22 December 2001. The international community was hoping for an institutional renovation that would provide the necessary democratic framework and progressive social and economic development, as well as a situation of wide-reaching security across the whole of the Afghan territory. In addition to this, there were hopes for appropriate diplomatic relations with the international community as a whole in the future. The ISAF mission2 will also be brought to an end and with it, the complete transfer of security competencies to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). The ISAF mission to support the government will be transformed into the NATO Resolute 1 Point 3.2 of this text explains the structure of the ANSF. Of all of its units, only the Afghan Na-tional Army (ANA) has been chosen as a study point on the implementation of the SSR theoretical model.The idea is to study the creation, evolution and current effectiveness of the ANA as one of the essential elements of the ANSF, all within the scope of the SSR process in Afghanistan. Reference will, however, be made to other elements of the ANSF (the Afghan Air Force, AAF and the Afghan National Police, ANP) to provide a better understanding of the subject, to compare the different institutions, etc. 2 The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) is a security mission in Afghanistan led by NATO since 2003. It was established by the United Nations Security Council on the 20 December 2001 by Resolution 1386, as envisaged by the Bonn Agreement.The main role of ISAF is to assist the Afghan government in the establishment of a secure and stable environment. To this end, ISAF forces conduct security and stability operations throughout the country together with the Afghan National Security Forces, and are directly involved in the development of the Afghan National Security Forces through mentoring, training and equipping. In support of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIROA), ISAF conducts operations in Afghanistan to reduce the capability and will of the insurgency, support the growth in capacity and capability of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), and facilitate improvements in governance and socio-economic development in order to benefit the Afghan population. Consulted June 2014 under http://www.isaf.nato.int/.
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