184 expertos de alto nivel, organizaciones internacionales, representantes de la industria y de la sociedad civil, destacan el enorme potencial de los océanos y las aguas continentales ahora, y aún más en el futuro, de contribuir significativamente a la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición adecuada para una población mundial que se prevé puede alcanzar la cifra de 9.700 millones en 2050»26. Las cifras de China son incontestables, la acuicultura, ―mientras la pesca tradicional no experimenta ningún crecimiento en las dos últimas décadas―, muestra un continuo crecimiento, en el que China juega un papel principal con más del 60% del total de la producción mundial27, ―45,5 millones de toneladas―. De la capturas, que se mantienen por debajo de las 100 millones de toneladas, ―93,4, de las que 11,9 fueron en aguas interiores―, China continúa siendo el mayor productor con cerca de 15 millones de toneladas28, ―22% del total mundial― (ver figura 4). 26 FAO, 2016, The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016, Roma, ONU, 2016, p. 1. Traducción del autor. 27 «Measured at the national level, 35 countries produced more farmed than wild-caught fish in 2014. This group of countries has a combined population of 3.3 billion, or 45 percent of the world’s population. Countries in this group include five major producers, namely, China, India, Viet Nam, Bangladesh, and Egypt. The other 30 countries in this group have relatively well-developed aquaculture sectors». FAO, 2016, The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016, Roma, ONU, 2016, p. 22. Otro aspecto a tener en cuenta es la vulnerabilidad de la acuicultura de la zona al Cambio Climático: «Climate change will affect food security in Asia by the middle of the twenty-first century, with South Asia most severely affected. Almost 90 percent of aquaculture production takes place in Asia, most of it in the tropical and subtropical belts. Using a series of indicators of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity in a GIS model, one study identified Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, the Philippines and Viet Nam as the most vulnerable countries worldwide. Recently, another study has repeated the exercise with better modelling and data, and concluded that most aquaculture countries in Asia are very vulnerable with Bangladesh, China, Thailand and Viet Nam among the most vulnerable considering all environments (freshwater, brackish-water and marine)». Ibíd., p. 133. 28 «Catches officially reported by China as caught in fishing areas other than “61 Northwest Pacific” grew from 586 000 tonnes in 2013 to 880 000 tonnes in 2014 due to higher catches of cephalopods (South Atlantic and South Pacific) and krill (Antarctic), and catches in area 61 increased by 550 000 tonnes. However, a part of China’s 2014 capture production in area could be from other areas because catches classified by China as from “distant water fishery”, which include also catches in area 61 outside China’s EEZ, increased from 1.35 million tonnes to more than 2 million tonnes in 2014 in the national reports». Ibíd., FAO, 2016, p. 12. bie3 >ŽŶŐtĂŶŐ͕ĞůƌĞLJĚƌĂŐſŶ͗ŐŽďĞƌŶĂŶƚĞĚŝǀŝŶŽĚĞůŽƐĐƵĂƚƌŽŵĂƌĞƐ /ŐŶĂĐŝŽ:ŽƐĠ'ĂƌĐşĂ^ĄŶĐŚĞnj ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞŶĄůŝƐŝƐ ϲϴͬϮϬϭϲ ϭϮ
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