Page 333

REVISTA IEEE 9

http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee 335 Antonio Alonso Marcos Central Asians fighting in Syria: the danger of... cannot be an individual fight, by one individual country, but rather has to be a global fight63; national solutions will always be partial solutions64. As David Long states, “explanations based on one single factor ignore the fact that terrorist behaviour is an interaction between an individual psychology and an external environment”65. Other investigators are of similar opinions, such as Paul Wilkinson66 and Assaf Moghadam67. Likewise, Martha Crenshaw made a distinction between three levels of causes of terrorism: situational variables, such as political, economic or general social conditions, the strategy of the terrorist organisation and the “problem of individual participation”68. The perspective offered by the socio-psychological framework to examine the dynamics of terrorist behaviour offers a more complete explanation than a perspective that focuses only on economic conditions69. These secular states have been very proactive in nipping in the bud any type of outbreak of radical Islamism since they gained their independence70, and even more so since the 9/11 attacks as in these attacks they found something in common with the huge American superpower – at that point the undisputed hegemon on the international scene. This in practice meant a rapprochement between the USA and these republics as the USA needed them to deploy in Afghanistan the military operative of “Operation Infinite Justice”, then renamed “Enduring Freedom”, which was later transformed into the NATO ISAF mission and then into the NATO-led Resolute Support mission. 63  See RABBIE, J. M.: “A Behavioral Interaction Model: Toward a Social-Psychological Framework for Studying Terrorism”, Terrorism and Political Violence, nº 3, vol. 4, 1991. 64  See “Central Asia: Islamist mobilisation and regional security”, International Crisis Group, Central Asia Report, 1 March 2001, under http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/central-asia/ Central%20Asia%20Islamist%20Mobilisation%20and%20Regional%20Security.pdf. 65  LONG, D. E. The Anatomy of Terrorism, New York: Free Press, 1990, p. 16. 66  See WILKINSON, P. Political Terrorism, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974. 67  MOGHADAM, A. The Roots of Terrorism, Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2005. 68  CRENSHAW, M. “The Causes of Terrorism”, Comparative Politics, nº 13, vol 4, 1981, p. 380. Translation by author. 69  PIAZZA, J. A.: “Rooted in Poverty? Terrorism, Poor Economic Development, and Social Cleavages”, Terrorism and Political Violence, nº 18, vol. 1, 2006. See also VICTOROFF, J.: “The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, nº 49, vol. 1, 2005. VON HIPPEL, K.: “The Roots of Terrorism: Probing the Myths”, The Political Quarterly, nº 73, vol. s1, 2002. Finally, ROSS, J. I.: “Beyond the Conceptualization of Terrorism: A Psychological-Structural Model of the Causes of this Activity”, in SUMMERS, C. y MARKUSEN, E. Collective Violence: Harmful Behavior in Groups and Governments. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. 70  “Central Asia: Islam and the State”, International Crisis Group, Asia Report, 10 July 2003, under http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/central-asia/059%20Central%20Asia%20Islam%20 and%20the%20State.

REVISTA IEEE 9
To see the actual publication please follow the link above