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REVISTA IEEE 9
364
Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 9 / 2017
The explicit stance is based on the establishment of public policies and strategies, is
regulated and is formally developed, has reports drafted, objectives set and is given
publicity. This is a traditional “top-down” stance where masterplans and general
programmes descend over time to become annual plans and programmed activities.
The military manager carries out his responsibilities in line with the established
standards.
Then there is the implicit stance based on inferences, characterised by personal
initiatives, informal debates on ethics and values, but that is not necessarily defined
in operative procedures nor is it formally publicised or promoted. The military leader
here acts upon initiative, takes risks, acts and helps to transform his organisation in
line with the institution’s principles of effective functioning.
The military commander, as a manager and leader, is in a situation of having to act
responsibly when faced with the standards that are presented to him and to develop,
under his own initiative, strategies that will allow his organisation to be more efficient,
better connect with society, and offer a better service to citizens.
The establishment of specific plans to promote SR in armed forces can be
done following different measures, as explained by Melle72: (1) incorporating social
responsibility in the organisational culture; (2) identifying interest groups; (3)
encouraging more participatory organisation and management; (4) promoting
transparency and accountability (5) bolstering ethical commitment and (6) adopting
formal social responsibility codes.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SR IN MILITARY OPERATIONS
Due to their uniqueness, the tasks carried out by the armed forces during military
operations allow for a broadening of the possibilities for implementation of SR not
only nationally but also in other countries.
Armed forces represent operative structures for the carrying out of duties abroad
as a result of agreements and commitments relating to the execution of international
mandates or as a result of collaboration with other countries as a coalition following
a shared security model. During these international missions73, work methods and
conduct are closely supervised by politicians, the media and the general population.
Activities during each mission are regulated by Rules of Engagement (ROE) and a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The rules of engagement, together with
the operative procedures and codes of conduct, oblige military personnel to exercise
maximum self-control in the use of force. Non-threatening procedures must be used
72 MELLE, Mónica. La responsabilidad social dentro del sector público. Ekonomiaz, 65, 2007, p.
84-106.
73 OLSTHOORN, Peter. Military ethics and virtues. New York: Routledge, 2011.
http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee
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- Ethical leadership and responsible management as levers for improvement in security, emergency and defence organisations
- Javier Jordán Enamorado
- Central Asians fighting in Syria: the danger of Islamic State retournees to Central Asia
- Carlos García-Guiu López
- The Islamic state and Jabhat Al-Nusra; new actors in Lebanon?
- Antonio Alonso Marcos
- The cartoon, the new weapon of the first world war
- Javier Lion Bustillo
- Defining a model for analysis of civil-military relations patterns
- Manuel García Ruiz
- Proxy wars in cyberspace
- Salvador Sánchez Tapia
- Presentation of Issue nº 9 of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies (IEEE) Magazine
- Manuel R. Torres Soriano
- Miguel Ángel Ballesteros Martín
- Consejo de redacción
- Miguel Ángel Ballesteros Martín
- Presentación de la revista
- Manuel R. Torres Soriano
- Guerras por delegación en el ciberespacio
- Proxy wars in cyberspace
- Salvador SánchezTapia
- Definición de un procedimiento de análisis de modelos de relaciones cívico-militares
- Defining a model for analysis of civil-military relations patterns
- Manuel García Ruiz
- La viñeta, la nueva arma durante la I Guerra Mundial
- The cartoon, the new weapon of the First World War
- Javier Lion Bustillo
- El Estado Islámico y Jabhat al-Nusra, ¿nuevos actores en el Líbano?
- The Islamic State and Jabhat Al-Nusra; new actors in Lebanon?
- Antonio Alonso Marcos
- Centroasiáticos luchando en Siria: El peligro de los retornados del Estado Islámico para Asia Central
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- Ethical leadership and responsible management as levers for improvement in security, emergency and defence organisations
- Javier Jordán Enamorado
- En busca de una Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional
- Ángel Gómez de Ágreda
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