241 Miguel Ángel Franco García From national defence directive to national maritime security strategy: trend towards the integration of civil and military capabilities in the maritime field Internally, this trend has progressively gathered pace. The introduction of DDN 1/92 brought a change in the conception of National Defence in connection with international crises in the political systems of states in Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The preamble to the aforementioned DDN stated that such situations have influenced our conception of security and demonstrate that this cannot be confined to our own or immediate territorial space because our nation’s interests also require protection outside the confines of that space36. Subsequent National Security Directives are based on the conviction that our secu-rity is inextricably linked to that of our neighbouring countries and countries in areas of strategic interest to us (DDN 1/96) due to the emergence of asymmetrical threats, crises and conflicts that compromise peace, security and stability in many parts of the world and which could affect our own security (DDN 1/2000). Spain’s commitment to security is based on a pentagonal framework of action, which is embodied in the statement: “we are Europe and our security is indissolubly wed to that of the continent”, as well as in the consideration that the Mediterranean area is of special interest to Spain. In the area of security and defence, initiatives that facilitate dialogue and promote bilateral cooperation with countries in the region are therefore indispensable (DDN 1/2004 and DDN 1/2008). We should also bear in mind that Spain, as a member of the United Nations, is firmly committed to the values of international peace and security, that NATO continues to promote the collective defence of its members and that Latin America is a natural gateway for uniting and facilitating exchanges between the two sides of the Atlantic (DDN 1/2008). With a view to building a secure environment, Spain assumes its responsibility for consolidating its position in the Mediterranean and, through collaboration with the EU and NATO, aims to ensure control of illegal trafficking from Latin America and the Gulf of Guinea, the existence of which justifies its presence in the Atlantic, all the while remaining concerned about the cases of piracy at sea (DDN 1/2012). With this broad view of security, we see an overlapping of the security and defence concepts, given that security encompasses defence37. National Security should be construed as a situation in which a nation feels it is adequately protected against all kinds of risks and threats, and where the level of risk is tolerable38. Compared to the 36 The full DDN 1/1992 is available from Política de Defensa y Seguridad (1993), op. cit., pp. 115-119. 37 FELIÚ ORTEGA, Luis does not share this view: “La confusa terminología de la seguridad y la defensa”, IEEE, Documento de opinión, no. 6, 2012, p. 2, http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_opinion/2012/ DIEEEO062012_ConfusaTerminologia_Seg.Def._GB_Feliu.pdf. 38 FONFRÍA MESA, Antonio et al.: “Hacia una estrategia de seguridad nacional para España”, Documentos de seguridad y defensa, no. 25, CESEDEN, Madrid, Secretaría General Técnica del Ministerio de Defensa, 2009, pp. 17-19. BERNAL GUTIÉRREZ, Pedro: “La cultura de seguridad y defensa en España: sus orígenes y evolución”, in La cultura de seguridad y defensa: un proyecto en
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