OPERATION BALMIS
6 Recognition ceremony at Retamares
All the professionals who participated in Operation Balmis are being honoured
for their involvement in the fight against the pandemic.
The Armed Forces have carried out 20,000 interventions in 2,300 locations.
14 Defence, a safeguard against future crises
Address by the Undersecretary of Defence for Political Affairs at the presentation of the
document entitled “COVID-19: implications for Defence”, of the Real Instituto Elcano.
International organizations are stepping up their efforts to help in reconstruction and are
looking for lessons learned that will improve the security of all.
ANALYSIS
20 Disinformation
Lieutenant Colonel Vicente
Diaz de Villegas reflects
on this new vehicle for
hybrid threats and its
systematic use in current
conflicts and crises.
8 98 days fighting
16 Unity is strength
INTERVIEW
24 Air Force General Miguel
Villarroya, Chief of Defence
“We have learned a lot during this crisis”, says the
Chief of Defence.
Managing Editor:
Yolanda Rodríguez Vidales.
Editor in Chief: Víctor Hernández Martínez.
Heads of section. International: Rosa Ruiz
Fernández. Art Director: Rafael Navarro. Par-
liament and Opinion: Santiago Fernández del
Vado. Culture: Esther P. Martínez. Photogra-phy:
Pepe Díaz. Sections. National: Elena
Tarilonte. Armed Forces: José Luis Expósito
Montero. Photography and Archive: Hélène
Gicquel Pasquier. Layout: Eduardo Fernán-dez
Salvador. Contributors: Germán Segura
García. Featured in this edition: José Luis
Calvo Albero, Vicente Díaz de Villegas Roig,
Miguel Fernández-Palacios Martínez and
Juan Francisco Martínez Núñez. Translators:
Fuensanta Zaballa Gómez, Paloma Muñoz de
la Morena and Gráinne Mary Gahan.
Published by: Spanish Ministry of Defence. Edi-ting:
C/ San Nicolás, 11. 28013 MADRID. Phone
Numbers: 91 516 04 31/19 (management), 91 516
04 17/91 516 04 21 (editing). Fax: 91 516 04 18.
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Photomechanics and printing: Spanish Ministry
of Defence D. L.: M-40176-2019. NIPO: 083-20-
102-2 (Paper edition). NIPO: 083-20-103-8 (On
line pdf edition). ISSN: 2695-6284 (Paper). ISSN:
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Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla: 2.10 euros
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Editorial Board: Yolanda Rodríguez Vidales
(chairperson), Diego Íñiguez Hernández, Amador
Fernando Enseñat y Berea, José Luis Sánchez Sastre,
Antonino Cordero Aparicio, José Luis Figuero Agui-lar,
Carlos Pérez Martínez, Juan Francisco Arrazola
Martínez, Enrique Núñez de Prado Aparicio and José
Antonio Gutiérrez Sevilla.
The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the positions of the REVISTA ESPAÑOLA
DE DEFENSA. The editors of the magazine are not obliged to
correspond with the authors of the contributions or to reply to any
unsolicited letters.
Cover photo: EMAD
4 Revista Española de Defensa August 2020